User Guide

Graphical User Interface

The GUI is the easiest way to use TexGen, in previous version a lot of TexGen features were not accessible via the graphical user interface. However considerable effort has been made to improve this, notably version 3.1 includes a modelling interface for interactive manipulation of textile geometry and version 3.2 includes a 3d weave wizard. For those comfortable with doing a bit of programming, the Python interface is recommended.

Layout

At the centre is a window showing a 3d representation of the textile geometry. Initially when TexGen is loaded this window will be empty, this is because no textile models will have been created yet. After creating a textile model it will become visible, if several textile models are created they will each be open in a separate tab allowing you to work with several models at once.

There are several other windows which can be switched on and off via the drop-down menu at the top in the "Window" section. By default the controls and logs windows will be visible.

The controls window is separated into various sections: Textiles, Modeller, Domain, Rendering and Python. Note that most of these controls are also accessible via the drop-down menu at the top. These controls are used to create textile models, manipulate them and control how they are rendered to the screen amongst other things.

The log windows at the bottom contains an interactive Python Console along with Python Output and TexGen Output windows. The interactive console allows the user to type Python commands and see the results in an interactive manner. This can be useful for small operations and learning how to use the python scripting interface. For inputting a large number of Python commands it is more convenient to save it in a Python script and execute it all at once.

The Python Output log window displays all the Python code executed by the GUI. Essentially every button pressed in the user interface will create a Python command. This is done by design, making it possible to record Python scripts while interacting with the GUI. If you know how to do something with the GUI, you then automatically know how to do it with a Python script because the code is displayed.

The TexGen Output log window displays log and error messages from TexGen. These generally include information on what TexGen is doing, if something goes wrong it is useful to read the log to find out what happened. Error messages will be displayed in red so that they can be easily located.

If new messages are posted one of the log windows while it is inactive, the icon above the window will change. In the case of receiving an error message the icon will change to an error icon.

Finally the outliner window which is hidden by default gives tree representation of the textile model. Which each textile is composed of a several yarns each of which is composed of nodes. This will be covered in more detail in the modelling section.

Wizards

The wizards are designed to create textile models with a minimum amount of input. Currently only the weave wizard has been implemented which generates models of 2d and 3d weaves. Plans to include wizards for other fabric types are in progress.

To use the weave wizard either:

Select Controls -> Textiles -> Weave, or
Select Main Menu -> Textiles -> Create Weave...

Create 2D Weave

Fill in the textile data on Weave Wizard as follows. Tool tips for each section can be viewed by holding the mouse over the control for about a second.

Warp Yarns, Weft Yarns - select number of yarns required
Yarn Spacing - by default this is the same for both warp and weft yarns
Yarn Width - by default this is the same for both warp and weft yarns
Fabric Thickness - at this point the yarn height will be taken to be half the fabric thickness (this can be altered in the next dialog if necessary
Create 3D Weave - leave unchecked for 2D weave
Create Default Domain - the default domain is the same as the unit cell
Refine model - if selected this will automatically adjust yarn cross-sections and rotations to create a textile without intersections and with a specified gap between yarns
- Gap Size - Specify the gap between yarns when Refine Model is selected

Select Next to proceed to Weave Pattern dialog:

This window allows the weave pattern to be set and yarn spacing, width, and height to be adjusted.

Click on yarn cross-over to switch the vertical order of the crossing yarns and thus define the weave pattern.
Right click on the top-down view to select a cross-section passing through the selected point. This gives a schematic preview of the cross-section.

Set yarn spacing, width and height
- Click on boxes running along left and top of window to select one yarn
- Control or Shift and right click to select multiple yarns
  - Boxes representing selected yarns now appear in red
  - Right click to give pop-up menu. Select required option and enter value in subsequent dialog box
  - Changes to width and height will be applied to all selected yarns. Changes to yarn spacing will modifies the spacing between the selected yarn and the yarn after it.

Create 3D Weave

Create 3D Weave - check this box
Refine Model/Gap size - these options will now be greyed
Fill in the rest of the textile data on the Weave Wizard as described for a 2D weave above

Select Next to proceed to Weave Pattern dialog:

This window allows the weave pattern to be set and yarn spacing, width, and height to be adjusted. Layers of warp and weft yarns can also be added and removed.

Click on the top-down view to select a cross-section passing through the selected point. This gives a schematic preview of the cross-section.
- The cross-section view is very important when creating 3d weaves because it is the only way to set the vertical order of the warp and weft yarns. Click and drag a cross-over up or down to move it to the desired location. By doing this for each cross-section one after the other the weave pattern can be completely defined.

Add/remove layers
- Click on boxes running along left and top of window to select one yarn
- Control or Shift and Click to select multiple yarns
  - Boxes representing selected yarns now appear in red
  - Right click to give pop-up menu.
  - Select Add Layers/Remove Layers to add/remove one yarn to each set of yarns chosen

Set yarn spacing, width and height as for 2D Weave described above

Modeller

While the wizards provide an easy way to create textile models, flexibility and control over the geometry is sacrificed. On the other end of the spectrum the modeller allows users total control over textile geometry at the expensive of a slightly steeper learning curve. Note that the modeller can be used to modify models created with the wizards, however if this is done any subsequent changes in the wizard will erase any modifications made.

Create Textile

To invoke the modeller either:

Select Controls -> Textile -> Empty, or
Select Main Menu -> Textiles -> Create Empty...

In both cases a dialog box will be given in order to enter a name for the textile, this can be left blank in which case a default name will automatically be assigned.

Add Yarns

To add a single yarn either:

Select Controls -> Modeller -> Yarn, or
Select Main Menu -> Modeller -> Create Yarn...

In the Create Yarn dialog:

Enter start and end coordinates for the yarn
Enter number of nodes
- The yarn will always initially be created as a straight line with equispaced nodes.
- Once the yarn has been placed it will be visible on screen in wire frame mode.

Edit Yarn/Node Position

Select yarn/node using one of the following methods:

Click on the yarn/node with the left mouse button
Hold Shift while selecting yarn/node to select multiple yarns
Click on the yarn/node in the Outliner tree control
Hold Shift or Ctrl while clicking on yarns/nodes in outliner tree to select multiple yarns

Nodes are displayed as spheres on the centreline of the yarns.

When either yarn or nodes have been selected they will turn white. X, Y and Z axes will be displayed.

To move yarn/node once it has been selected either:

Click and drag one of the axes displayed. The yarn/node will be moved in the corresponding direction.
- Precise positioning can be achieved by enabling snapping using Controls -> Modeller -> Snapping
Edit the coordinates in the Controls -> Modeller -> Position boxes.

Add Nodes

Select node
Click Outliner -> Insert Node, or
Press the Insert key

The new node will be inserted in between the selected node and the previous one. Nodes cannot be inserted before the first node in the yarn.

Duplicate Yarns

Select yarn
Click Outliner -> Duplicate Yarn, or
Press the d on the keyboard

The duplicated yarn will be an exact copy of the yarn at the same location. After duplicating the new yarn should be moved so that they no longer overlap.

Delete Yarns/Nodes

Select yarn
Click Outliner -> Delete Selected, or
Press the Delete key

Set Yarn Path Interpolation

This specifies how the yarn path is interpolated between the nodes.

Select yarn
Select Main Menu -> Modeller -> Assign Interpolation... , or
Select Controls -> Modeller -> Interpolation
Select interpolation type from drop-down menu
Periodic - check to give continuity across yarn repeats as follows:
1. Linear - continuity of cross-section
2. Bezier - continuity of cross-section and tangent(first order continuity)
3. Natural Cubic - continuity of cross-section and both first and second order continuity

Set Yarn Cross-Sections

Select yarn
Select Main Menu -> Modeller -> Assign Section... , or
Select Controls -> Modeller -> Section
Select from the drop-down menu how the cross-section will vary along the length of the yarn
1. Constant
2. Interpolate Between Nodes - see below
3. Interpolate Between Sections - see below
Select Edit Section to change section shape

Interpolate Between Nodes

- Highlight node to be edited
- Hold Ctrl or Shift key down to select multiple nodes
- Smooth - check this box to give smooth interpolation between section
- Polar - check this box to give polar rather than linear interpolation between sections, useful if there are large rotations between sections
- Select Edit Section to change selected sections

Interpolate Between Sections

- Sections can be specified at specific positions along the length of the yarn
- To add a section:
  - Click on Insert Section
  - Highlight the section which appears in the text box
  - Select the position along the yarn by using the slider or typing into the text box at the bottom of the dialog
- To remove a section:
  - Highlight the section to be removed
  - Click on Remove Section
  - Smooth and Polar - check as required, see Interpolate Between Nodes
  - Highlight node to be edited
  - Hold Ctrl or Shift key down to select multiple nodes
- Select Edit Section to change selected sections

Specify Cross-sections

After selecting the Edit Section button the Select Cross-section Shape dialog will be displayed.

The shape at the top of the dialog gives a preview of the shape currently specified.

Select Cross-section from drop-down list and enter parameters as follows:
- Ellipse - Width and height
- Lenticular - This is made up from the intersection of 2 circular sections. Enter width and height. The distortion should be a value between height/2 and -height/2. 0 will give an intersection which is central vertically, height/2 will give a semicircle.
- Power Ellipse - A modified ellipse. Power = 1 gives an ellipse. Power < 1 gives a rectangle with rounded corners (power = 0 gives a rectangle). Power > 1 gives a shape similar to lenticular with rounded ends.
- Hybrid - This allows a complex section to be created by combining two or more of the above cross-section shapes.

The

Rotate - if this is checked then input an angle by which the shape should be rotated.
Scale - if this is checked then input scale factors for the x and y directions.

Repeats

Select Main Menu -> Modeller -> Assign Repeats... or,
Select Controls -> Modeller -> Repeats
Select yarn or multiple yarns as described in Edit Yarn/Node Position
Add/edit values in the Repeats dialog to give repeat vectors. Typically a textile will have two repeat vectors eg x,0,0 and 0,y,0

Properties

Select Main Menu -> Modeller -> Assign Properties... or,
Select Controls -> Modeller -> Properties
In the Properties dialog enter values and units for textile:
1. Yarn Linear Density
2. Fibre Density
3. Fibre Area
4. Fibre Diameter
5. Fibres Per Yarn
6. Areal Density, or...
Select one or more yarns and enter values and units in the Properties dialog:
1. Yarn Linear Density
2. Fibre Density
3. Fibre Area
4. Fibre Diameter
5. Fibres Per Yarn
6. Young's modulus
7. Poisson's ratio

Domain

The domain is specified so that, after repeats have been specified, the model can be constrained to a specific region. In most cases the domain will correspond to the unit cell of the textile but maintaining a distinction between the two gives added flexibility.

The domain is specified by planes where the space on the negative side of the plane is considered to be outside of the domain. Each plane is defined as: Ax + By + Cz + D = 0

The vector (A, B, C) represents the unit normal to the plane, and D represents the distance from the plane to the origin. In order to specify an axis aligned bounding box with minimum of (x1, y1, z1) and maximum of (x2, y2, z2), six planes P need to be defined as shown in the table below.

	A	B	C	D
P0	1	0	0	x1
P1	-1	0	0	-x2
P2	0	1	0	y1
P3	0	-1	0	-y2
P4	0	0	1	z1
P5	0	0	-1	-z2

The user interface gives two methods of specifying the domain:

Specify a bounding box with minimum and maximum x, y and z values
Specify the planes as described above

Specify Domain Using Bounding Box

Select Main Menu -> Domain -> Create Box... or,
Select Controls -> Domain -> Box
In the Box Domain dialog enter the minimum and maximum x, y and z coordinates

Specify Domain Using Planes

Select Main Menu -> Domain -> Create Planes... or,
Select Controls -> Domain -> Planes
Enter planes using the Domain Editor dialog:
1. Enter x, y, z and d values for a plane as specified above
2. Select Add Plane
3. Repeat for each plane required
To edit a plane:
1. Select the plane in the text box
2. Alter the values as required
3. Select Replace Plane
To delete a plane:
1. Select the plane in the text box
2. Select Delete Plane

Edit Domain

Select Main Menu -> Domain -> Edit Domain... or,
Select Controls -> Domain -> Edit
The Domain Editor dialog will be displayed and is used as described in the previous section

Delete Domain

Select Main Menu -> Domain -> Delete or,
Select Controls -> Domain -> Delete

Both of these actions will completely delete the domain

Options

Switch Off Messages

Some procedures may be significantly quicker if the messages in the TexGen Output window are switched off. Exporting to a voxel file is one example of this.

Select Main Menu -> Options -> Output Messages to switch on/off
- The option will be marked with a tick if messages are switched on

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